Endocrine Abstracts

Background: Alpelisib is a novel phosphotidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor which, in combination with fulvestrant, has been shown to increase progression-free survival in patients with HR+/HER2-/PI3KCA mutated advanced breast cancer[1]. Hyperglycaemia, including alpelisib-induced diabetic ketoacidosis is a known adverse effect, along with rash, diarrhoea and stomatitis. No other associated endocrinopathy has been reported to date. Case presentation: We present th...

Background: Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms (pNENs) are malignancies arising from the endocrine pancreas. Past in vitro studies have led to a better comprehension and characterization of this malignancy under several points of view. However, effective medical therapies are still not available, therefore, it is essential to continue studying this malignancy in order to identify a successful approach. Due to tumour complexity, techniques such as 3D cultures, able to...

Background: SIADH is the most frequent underlying cause of hyponatraemia but is frequently ignored and suboptimally treated.Aim: To identify the treatment applied in clinical practice for hyponatraemia due to SIADH and to evaluate the effect of fluid deprivation.Method: A prospective, non-intervention observational study of a sequentially evaluated cohort of hyponatraemic patients during first 48 h after hospitalization from Januar...

Introduction: The management of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in young children can be extremely challenging due to high insulin sensitivity, unpredictable eating and activity and difficulty recognizing symptoms of hypoglycaemia. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) therapy is beneficial in managing young children, however the small insulin doses required challenge the accuracy of standard concentration (100 IU/ml) CSII.Case report and literature revi...

Introduction: The incidence of obesity and other features of the metabolic syndrome is increased in shift workers. This may be due to a misalignment between the internal circadian rhythm and the behavioral rhythm. The stress hormone cortisol could play a role in this phenomenon, because it is secreted in a circadian rhythm, and long-term elevated cortisol levels leads to components of the metabolic syndrome. Our aim was to study changes in long-term cortisol levels due to shif...

Increases in proinflammatory pathways and macrophages in adipose tissue (AT) have been implicated in the metabolic complications of obesity (1). Nutrient-restriction (NR) in early to mid gestation reduces maternal plasma cortisol and increases fetal AT (2). Uncoupling protein (UCP)-2 is genetically linked to obesity and type 2 diabetes, and has been implicated in macrophage-mediated immunity. The effect of maternal NR in early to mid and late gestation on UCP2 and glucocortico...

Human sulfation depends on provision of the universal sulfate donor PAPS by the two PAPS synthase isoforms PAPSS1 and PAPSS2. Mutations in PAPSS2 have been identified as a monogenic cause of androgen excess presenting with premature adrenarche and polycystic ovary syndrome, due to decreased sulfation of the androgen precursor DHEA by DHEA sulfotransferase (SULT2A1) and hence increased conversion of DHEA to active androgens (New Eng J Med 2009 360 (22)...

The management of nonfunctioning adrenal masses is controversial. The size is usually the only criterion for surgical treatment. The objective was to study the progression of the tumor size and the follow-up of several cardiovascular risk parameters in patients with nonsurgical nonfunctioning adrenal masses.Retrospective longitudinal observational study of 24 patients (54.2% men) with nonfunctioning adenomas followed for five years without surgical treat...

Introduction and objective: Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a rare kind of tumor that can have various locations. Pancreatic location is the most common after the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this report is to study the characteristics of neuroendocrine tumors located in the pancreatic gland (pNETs) at diagnosis.Material and methods: Descriptive and retrospective study about 22 patients diagnosed of pNET during the period 1993–2010 in our hos...

Background: Inappropriately high aldosterone in patients with primary hyperaldosteronism (PHA) is due to increased aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) activity. Selective in vivo imaging of overexpressed CYP11B2 in adrenals with positron emission tomography (PET) has not yet been achieved due to close homology of enzymes involved in aldosterone and cortisol (CYP11B1) synthesis.Aim: Synthesize a fluorine-18 labelled highly selective CYP11B2 inhibitor,...